What makes us human? A very interesting and difficult question. Nice article mate.
It is the topic of many works of fiction and films like Blade Runner and Dark City. In the film Dark City, a race of aliens with superhuman abilities manipulate people, using them as rats for their experiments.
"We fashioned this city on stolen memories, different eras, different pasts, all rolled into one. Each night, we revise it, refine it, in order to learn."
"Learn what?"
"About you, Mr Murdoch, you and your fellow inhabitants... What makes you human."
"Why?!"
"We need to be like you."
Epic script, if you ask me.
No, we're still apes. Humans are animals, just a particular type. It's a little insulting to A-sexuals and people with pacemakers or hearing aids to ask if not having any sexual attraction or if having mechanical enhancements/life extenders makes them not human.
We had a debate in Contemporary Political Philosophy course about such questions. It was the topic of how to construct a philosophical analysis.
Question: Do animals have natural rights?
Statement: No, only humans have rights.
Challenge: Why do only humans have rights?
Answer: Because they have superior intelligence to animals and can understand the need in natural rights.
Argument: There are animals who have superior intelligence than some humans (for instance humans who are severely mentally challenged). Does this mean those humans don't have natural rights as well?
S1: No, they don't. S2: They do have rights. In this case the explanation needs to be altered; Intelligence alone is not sufficient to support my statement.